Dental caries - or tooth decay - means damage to the enamel and underlying dentine of the teeth, which causes cavities to form. If these are neglected, bacteria can get into the teeth and ultimately damage the nerves and blood vessels that supply them, causing pain and finally loss of the teeth.
What is the cause?
Tooth decay is caused by our modern sugary diet and by neglecting to brush and floss the teeth. A layer of plaque - a thin, sticky film of bacteria - builds up and when sugary products are eaten, the plaque turns the sugar into acid that can cause decay.
Care of the teeth
Parents or carers should start brushing a child's teeth with a soft brush when the teeth first come through and continue to supervise up to about seven, when children are usually able to brush teeth properly themselves. Regularly brush before breakfast and at bedtime. Use the brush in a small circular movement to clean all the surfaces with a pea-sized quantity of children's fluoride toothpaste and rinse the mouth afterwards.
Electric toothbrushes can make brushing easier but are not essential. What is more important is to replace the toothbrush every three months. Children should also go to the dentist every six months for a check-up. This will help them be less nervous if they need treatment later on.
Supplements of fluoride can be given if there is not enough in the water supply, and this further protects the teeth. However, ask the dentist for advice first because it is important to get the dosage right and restrict the amount of toothpaste used so teeth do not become mottled or discoloured.
Drinking sweet drinks and sucking sweets all day should be avoided. Restrict sweet food and drink to mealtimes. Cheese, fruit and vegetable snacks between meals are best.
